CN CODE - what it is and how to determine it?

In international trade, precise product classification is essential. To keep the identification of goods consistent and unified across borders, the Combined Nomenclature system—known as the CN code—is used. For many companies engaged in import and export, the CN number is not just a formal requirement but a key element of the customs clearance process. What is a CN code, how does it work, and how do you determine the correct CN code for a product?

Where does the CN code come from?

The CN code (Combined Nomenclature) is an extension of the HS (Harmonized System) classification created by the World Customs Organization. The CN nomenclature applies within the European Union and is used both for customs purposes and statistical reporting. It allows authorities to clearly identify the type of product being traded, regardless of its origin or intended use.

Each CN code consists of eight digits. The first six digits correspond to the HS code, while the last two digits are additions used specifically within the EU.

When do you need a CN code?

Every business involved in exporting or importing goods must know the correct nomenclature code for the products declared for customs clearance. CN codes are also required in Intrastat declarations, customs declarations, and commercial documents. Without a correct CN code, legal customs clearance is not possible—which can result in delays and legal consequences.

What does CN mean in practice?

The CN system is a product classification tool that standardizes how goods are labeled for customs procedures. In practice, the meaning of CN is simple: it helps customs authorities identify the product, determine applicable regulations, and assess any requirements or restrictions.

What information does a CN code provide?

Each CN code describes a product with increasing specificity. For example:

• 01 – Live animals

• 02 – Meat and edible offal

• 84 – Machinery and mechanical appliances

• 90 – Optical, photographic, medical instruments

The further into the code, the more detailed the description becomes. This makes it possible to accurately determine the type of product and identify the regulations that apply to it.

How to determine the CN code for a product?

One of the most common questions importers and exporters ask is: How do I determine the CN code? While the process may seem complex, several important factors help ensure correct classification:

• the composition and materials used,

• the function and purpose of the product,

• the degree of processing (raw material, semi-finished product, finished good),

• the method of production,

• the country of origin.

Proper classification should be based on technical documentation and a detailed product description. The EU’s TARIC system (Integrated Tariff of the European Union) is also very helpful—providing complete, up-to-date CN codes and interpretations.

Where to find current CN codes?

The most reliable source is the European Commission’s official database, as well as national customs systems (such as ISZTAR in Poland). These tools allow you to check the correct CN number, review historical changes, and read explanatory notes.

If there is any doubt, businesses may request a Binding Tariff Information (BTI) decision. This legally binding document provides certainty when classifying a specific product and is recognized by customs authorities throughout the EU.

Common mistakes in CN classification

Incorrect CN codes can cause delays, increased costs, and administrative penalties. The most frequent mistakes include:

• choosing an overly general category instead of the precise one,

• relying only on a trade name rather than the actual function and composition,

• using outdated CN codes from previous years,

• ignoring TARIC classification rules.

For this reason, verifying the code before submitting a customs declaration is always recommended.

CN codes and customs control

If customs authorities question the assigned CN code, they may launch a control procedure. In such a case, it is crucial to have complete technical documentation and a clear justification for the classification. Proper use of the Combined Nomenclature often helps avoid additional questions from customs officials. For unusual or complex products, expert support in CN classification can be invaluable.

Why the CN number cannot be chosen randomly

Selecting the correct CN number is not optional. It determines:

• how the customs procedure is carried out,

• which legal requirements apply,

• whether any import restrictions or certification obligations are triggered,

• whether protective measures or additional duties apply.

Key facts about CN codes in practice

The CN code is a cornerstone of international trade. It ensures unified product classification in line with EU regulations and global standards. A CN code must always be assigned carefully, based on the product’s real characteristics. If you are wondering what CN means, remember: it is the key to lawful and efficient customs clearance.

Both importers and exporters should know what a CN code is, how to determine it, and how to interpret it within customs regulations. Although the Combined Nomenclature may seem complex, it is the system that brings order to international trade.